Logic and Reckoning Rukyah In Determining The Beginning and the End of Ramadan
Logic (ru'yah) Determination Beginning And End of Ramadan By: Ahmad Jaelani Elhijaa
Thursday, September 13, 2007, we entered the month sacrosanct for the Islamic Ummah worldwide, namely Ramadlann. Because he was a full moon Barokah (goodness, and all the good behavior rewarded with infinite multiples), Rahmat (mercy; the labors of His people to approach with methods that most favors the desire to refrain from eating, drinking, sex, etc.), and Maghfiroh (forgiveness of sins which concern God, as a logical consequence for doing kindnesses to obtain grace). Various things have prepared many people to welcome the month also called repentance this month.

Usually just before the day of his, the public and the media we will be enlivened by a disagreement beginning and end of Ramadan later (1 Shawwal / Eid al-Fitr 1428 H). However, this time there will be no disagreement and differences begin Ramadan fasting. reason, the number of days in the month of Sha'ban is "agreed" even 30 days, in which the 30th day coincided with the day Wednesday, September 12 2007.Maka automatic start of Ramadan falls on Thursday, September 13, 2007 (see calendar Government, NU and Muhammadiyah). In contrast to the determination of one of Shawwal (Eid al-Fitr 1428 H) soon to be a bit "busy", because there is a difference of one day between calendar Islamic government and the two organizations. These differences often lead to uncertainty and swelter for the Islamic Ummah in welcoming the glorious day that has been awaited with super special preparation. 1 Determination of Ramadan and Shawwal 1 are not "uncertain" and must always tend to differ between the government and Islamic organizations, often causing chaos and uncomfortable in the middle masyarakat.Lebih especially when differences occur on Eid al-Fitr. On the night of the 30th (one day before the beginning of) Ramadan, since the afternoon, anxiously awaiting the announcement of the result of the government's ru'yah. Apparently the new moon could not diru'yah. They were tarawih prayers. Suddenly, at 21.00 pm, it is not uncommon even in the middle of the night, there is news and broadcast via speeker musolla and mosques that have occurred ru'yatul moon. Society was divided into two, there are memngikuti and some refuse the information, depending on the scholars' local.
Governments often impose decisions
Unfortunately, the government's decision to impose. This can be seen in the "ban" takbiran evening and Eid al-Fitr prayer (which is not the official version) in most of the mosques jami 'which has links to the government. In the mosques are only a handful of people who perform the Eid prayer, because most of them already do so the day before in the small mosques. This easy Pemanadangan we meet every year, especially in those areas (sub-district). Islamic organizations at NU is sometimes powerless against the "pressure" the ruler to just open the door jami'nya mosques that are the majority of the surrounding is nahdhiyyin.
Uncomfortable atmosphere like this always present when there is a difference between government organizations and between organizations with Islam itself. Indeed it perberbedaan
existing for centuries since the friend who knows how long. However, is not the determination of one Ramadan and Shawwal 1 could be compromised by reason and science? The experts reckoning, both of nahdhiyyin and muhammadiyyin, the calculation results has long been used by his people. Residents nahdliyyin for example, they already have the information "valid" about the beginning and end of Ramadan, especially people close to or have access to a boarding school that has scholars astronomer (reckoning). Pesantren usually every Nisfu Sha'baan (15th Sha'baan) held Haflah Early / Late Sanah (celebration beginning / end of the year), which also announced the results of reckoning (calculation determining the start and end of Ramadan) is under way and consulted fellow clerics 'expert hisab.Warga Nahdliyyin already have liver follow itsbath stability (fixing) ulama'nya. Ironically NU as an institution did not "dare" to accommodate the results of "ijtihad" the ulama'nya own because berhujjah Alhadits on the understanding that the determination of the start and end of Ramadan is just to see (with the naked eye) a month directly (rukyatul hilal).
Single, rigid interpretation of these do sound "why" are usually among the most flexible NU menafsiri meaning the texts, to the extent that there is this group likes stigmatize berbid'ah (a behavior that was never done or did not exist at the time of the Prophet SAW. .) officials of Indonesia's largest Islamic organizations that interpret the word ru'yah as seen by the eye (naked). rukyatul In their version of the new moon did not wear much less high-tech equipment. Thus, accurate as-accurate computation of the results of calculations astronomers was like a blank slate when Tim derived ru'yah government (MORA) and or NU could not see the moon because the sky is covered with clouds real (as in the hadith of the Prophet SAW.) And overcast politics. As we all understand in a non Muslim country with Muslim inhabitants of the earth terakbar everything can be scented odor politics, including in terms of diversity.
Unlike Muhammadiyah already settled on a method of arithmetic in determining the start and end of Ramadan and the feast day of Hajj (Eid al Adha). They are relatively more comfortable in welcoming the arrival of the annual great guests and can better plan everything (to borrow a phrase Gus Mus) due to the arrival of the guests already scheduled for sure. And we all understand, is among the most unwilling to "turn" the least of these texts to the very famous as an anti-heretical. We also feel "why" and "courage" they are mukholafatul ijtihad 'adah (outside their habits). The phenomenon of "two tumben" is actually interesting studied further. Anybody know a lot of the products tumben's in jurisprudence mereka.Dalam this paper the author discusses a phenomenon not bermak sud ini.Penulis just want to try to unravel the understanding of the Hadith texts Muslims started the foundation and end of Ramadan which often blows hot air in the community, especially in an atmosphere fitri.Bahkan never cause commotion incident in a village in Sampang Madura few years ago because of mutual self-righteousness and forbid fasting on the day of Eid Fitrinya brother and vice versa .
The problem is not really a matter of religious faith and the way we deal with the difference that was already a tradition that, but why the difference was "required" there just because "conservatism" and "lust religion" a few groups (including rulers) in understanding religious texts, so elements of the real absolute kerbenaran ignored. Called the absolute truth since the advent of the new moon at the beginning of the month as a sign of change is a natural necessity for rotation of the Moon around the Earth cycle is fixed (Q: 36:39) and was predictable (read: brought to account) for certain / right. Many ways to prove the appropriateness of the calculations of astronomers that. One is the use of telescopes to monitor the appearance of the new moon. Moreover MCIT Prof.Dr.Ir. Mohammad Nuh DEA ​​on August 19, the last in Surabaya is ready to facilitate the Muslims in Indonesia to determine the beginning and end of Ramadan and the utilization of information technology in Boscha telescope, Bandung.
Binoculars validity Stars Not Terbantahka
Statement former Rector of ITS is mustinya as a breath of fresh air for the Muslims in the middle of "uncertainty" to meet the start and end of Ramadan. For the "uncertainty" is not only monopolized the Muslims of Indonesia, but ironically also experienced the Muslims who live in different parts of the world which is actually a sophisticated and technologically advanced countries. Saudi Arabia even have had to muddle berramadhan 28 days. This, as if to show that Islam anti techno-logy (advanced). Or technologists fear and are not allowed in the religious monopoly that only the ulama'nya? The applicability of the telescope as a legitimate tool ru'yatul moon should be able to be recognized by the scholars', given the proper accuracy. If the logical argument can be accepted by the logic of the well, then it should begin this Ramadan 1428 H Muslims are willing to utilize ulama'nya wabilkhushush the telescope while recognizing its validity to ascertain whether or not the new moon be seen as the basis for the legal set start and end the fast. Thus, Muslims simultaneously in all parts of the country (and even internationally, according to geographical location) can spend a day fasting and feast on the same day. Unlike in past years sometimes started Ramadan on the same day, but the air-Eid al-Fitr on different days, and vice versa.
Not a matter of "togetherness" start and end of Ramadan to be scrutinized. But, about the "scramble" objects (read: hilal) that can determine the "togetherness" that happens or not, but the object is the focus we are just one, just one, and of course is at one point only (manzilah). The presence of the object was "very easy" predictable and easier to prove if we want a little bit of logic standards loosen our understanding Hadith-Hadith Muhammad SAW related determination Ramadan, so it does not make use of tech tools such tabu telescopes etc.. If you order this logic we can already digested by common sense and can concludes its validity, then turn the tool is called binocular star we should "watch" and "look out" how it works. If he is a telescope that can only shoot objects that are in a straight line with him (especially at position 1 degree), meant he had qualified as a tool for the eye to see objects in a straight line with it. Is the telescope is also able to "pierce" clouds blocking the view to the naked eye? If not, then just as telling, sorry, the blind to see an object. Equally important is the credibility of the people who operate them. In this case I was very confident with the credibility and integrity of a M0hamad Noah, relaif new figures at national and relatively sterile politics of the bacteria, resulting teropongannya which later passed on to the public tertutama accountable before God Almighty.
1 Ramadan and Shawwal 1428 H 1
Reckoning calculations for determining the beginning and end Romadlon 1428 H is circulating among scholars' reckoning experts, as exists in the calendar issued by educational institutions that exist in the NU and Muhammadiyah, the start of Ramadan fell on Thursday on 13th September 2007 and end date on Thursday. October 11, 2007. This means that 1 Shawwal 1428 H (Eid al Fitr) falls on a Friday date. 12 0ktober 2007. Long fasting 29 days. While the calendars circulating in the government agencies, together with the start of Ramadan in the second calendar organizations. But 1st Shawwal 1428 H (Eid al Fitr) falls on a Saturday date. October 13, 2007. Fasting even 30 days.
Binoculars role Stars
Here, Binoculars star role as "referee" to "prove" honestly if the new moon actually appeared at that time or not. Although the experts agreed Reckoning 1 Ramadan falls on Thursday, Binoculars Stars must keep track of the new moon Tuesday afternoon and publish the results. To strengthen the validity of the new moon with Binocular ru'yatul this star, must involve as many people as possible. When the need to involve national telivsi station to broadcast live so that the public can be seen, as well as Muslims can feel steady in worship because they have "seen" with my own eyes. Because people are also entitled to obtain the correct information and the government is obliged to provide it.
MCIT as facilitator, should be "bold" to be honest that his telescope actually see the crescent moon (hilal ru'yatul), even if the government in this case the Ministry of Religious Affairs stated at the same time that the team revealed in a number of monitoring points did not see crescent moon (hilal ru'yatul) because the views are obstructed by thick clouds and so on, as long as this happens (the author's knowledge, pemerrintah since the New Order until now, never change "red schedule" Eid al-Fitr are already set in their calendar). Finally there was a feast day, lasted two hari.Padahal fasting or break in one of the two holidays are mandatory law could, could haram depending where appropriate with the only actual new moon ru'yatul real alias.
When the difference in time (two holidays / early Ramadan) this happens again, do not sound logic we disturbed? It is impossible aka moonshine in this hemisphere there is a difference up to 24 hours as the event two holidays on top (even Iraq had 2 different days with Saudi Arabia)? Maximum 12 hours. And that's as far as the distance between the Indonesia-United States. If something that is impossible for anyone's common sense, still we use as a legal basis to remain different, then we would be laughed at by the whole world, including our own (Ummah). It's OK to tell people: "hasanah differences in religion and democracy", the origin of like-minded original sources (the Qur'an and Assunnah) the logic and reason of insanity. Baagaimana your opinion?. (The article I have ever sent to a print on August 8, 2007, but not published).